Maize

Occurrence & Locations

Detailed information about where Maize is found across Nigeria

BYAZIN

Abuja State • Bwari LGA

2019

Location Details:

Byazhin is a ward in the Bwarri Area Council of the F.C.T

Specifications:

Unspecified

Estimated Reserves:

-

Coordinates: 9.194031°N, 7.302081°E

Bille

Adamawa State • Demsa LGA

2019

Location Details:

Bille is a ward in the Damesa Local government of Adamawa State

Coordinates: 4.574866°N, 6.891245°E

Balare

Kano State • Ajingi LGA

2019

Location Details:

Balare is a ward in Ajingi Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria.Ajingi local government area is located in Kano state, Northwest Nigeria and has its headquarters in the town of Ajingi. Created in 1996 from Gaya local government area, Ajingi is home to a number of tribes with the Fulani and Kanuri as the dominant ethnic groups. Popular towns and villages in Ajingi LGA include Toranke, Balare, Dagaji, Kara Makama, Ungwar Bai, Gafasa, and Sakalawa. Islam is the widely practiced religion in Ajingi local government area while the Hausa and Fufulde languages are commonly spoken in the area. The population of Ajingi is estimated at 244,762 inhabitants.

Specifications:

Unspecified

Estimated Reserves:

Unmeasured

Coordinates: 11.965465°N, 8.886865°E

Overview

Maize (Zea mays L.), is a monoecious plant, which bears the male organs, the stamens and the

female organs, the pistil, in separate flowers on the same plant. Endosperm, the food storage organ is soft and mealy in flouring types, hard in flint types and harder in popcorns. Maize is the most efficient plant for capturing the energy of the sun and converting it to food. It therefore provides a major source of calories in Nigeria as well as other parts of the world and can grow across a range of agro- ecological zones.

Maize Varieties

Recommended varieties nof maize are found at the National Seed Service, mandated research institutes, states agricultural supply companies,seed companies, registered dealers and other agro-allied retailers. The seed produced by seed companies are treated with fungicides and pesticides and are certified by the National Seed Service. Available varieties include:

TZL Comp Full season White flint Resistance to foliar diseases but susceptible to Striga and downy mildew
.DMR-LSRW Full season White, semi-dent Downy mildew resistance (DMR), strong roots, resistance to foliar diseases, good husk cover but susceptible to Striga and storage insects
TZB-SR Full season White flint Resistance to foliar diseases but susceptible to downy mildew and
TZPB-SR Full season White dent Strong roots, resistance to foliar diseases butsusceptible to Striga anddowny mildew.
Swan-I SR Full season Yellow flint DMR, resistance to foliar diseases but susceptible to Striga and has mediocre husk cover.
DMR-LSRY Full season Yellow semi-dent DMR, resistance to foliar diseases, good husk cover but susceptible to
EV 8744-SR Intermediate White dent Susceptible to Striga and downy mildew. Obatanpa Intermediate White dent QPM Quality protein maize,susceptible to Striga and downy mildew.
Swan-2-SR Intermediate Yellow flint DMR, resistance to foliar diseases but susceptible to Striga
EV 8766-SR Intermediate Yellow flint QPM Quality protein maize, susceptible to downy mildew and Striga
DMR-ESRW Early White dent DMR, resistance to foliar diseases, good husk cover but susceptible to Striga.
TZESR-W Early White flint Resistance to foliar diseases, good husk cover,clean ears/grains butsusceptible to Striga
TZESR-W-SE Early White flint Soft endosperm, resistanceto foliar diseases but susceptible to Striga
TZE Comp 3 Early White semi-flint Resistance to foliar diseases.
DMR-ESRY Early Yellow semi-flint DMR, resistance to foliar diseases, good husk cover but susceptible to Striga
EV 8731-SR Early Yellow flint Resistance to foliar diseasesbut susceptible to downy mildew and Striga.
TZEE-W-SR Extra early White semi-dent Modest resistance to foliar diseases but susceptible to downy mildew and Striga.
TZESR-W x Gua 314BCF6 Extra early White flint Modest resistance to foliar diseases but susceptible to downy mildew and Striga.
TZEE-Y-SR Extra early Yellow flint Modest resistance to foliar diseases but susceptible to downy mildew and Striga.
TZEF-Y Extra early Yellow flint Modest resistance to foliar diseases but susceptible to downy mildew and Striga.
9021-18 STR Full season White semi-flint Stable across ecologies,strong roots, (Single cross) clean ears/grains, moderate resistance to Striga but susceptible to downy mildew.
9053-18 DMR Full season White semi-dent DMR, strong roots. (Top cross)
9022-13 STR Full season White flint Moderate resistance to Striga but susceptible to downy mildew.
8644-31 Full season Yellow dent Modest DMR but (Single cross) susceptible to Striga.
8644-32 DMR Full season Yellow semi-dent Modest DMR but susceptible to Striga 3-way cross)
8644-27 DMR Full season Yellow flint Modest
DMR (Single cross)Full season = 120 days, Intermediate = 100-110 days, Early = 85-95 days, Extra early = 80-85 days.

1Abridged from Fajemesin (1977) in Technology Options for Sustainable Agriculture in Subsaharan

Uses & Applications

Maize is a staple food for an estimated 50% of the population. It is consumed as a starchy base in a wide variety of porridges, pastes, grits and beer.
cornstarch,
corn syrup,
high fructose syrup,
dextrose and corn oil.
livestock feed

Processing

Processing of maize grain is done to break it into fractions ofgerm, hull and endosperm for production of a wide range of products forvarious uses. Two methods are utilized to process maize industrially -wet and dry milling.

Wet Milling

It involves separation of the starch and the protein into separatecomponents from the endosperm cells. In order to facilitate this process,the maize grains must be dried to the desired level to enable the germ tofloat during the separation process. Thus the grains for wet milling should be dried at a temperature not exceeding 54oC(130oF). Maizedried at higher temperature brings about changes in the protein,preventing the grains from swelling during steeping and italso tends to hold to the starch. Drying at a lower temperature, tends toretain high oil content and makes the germ rubbery (Kent, 1975).Steeping of the maize grains in warm water is necessary because it softens them andthus assists in separating the hull, germ and fiber.

Dry Milling

Dry milling is done to :obtain maximum yield of grits with the least contamination, produce maximum amount of flour and to obtain maximum amount of oil. The process involves physical breaking of maize grains into various fractions and the size of the product determines its use. Industrial method of processing maize is outlined in Fig. 1. Products from dry milling are maize meal, flour and maize grits. Other by - products are fractions, characterized by various dimensions and sizes which affect

composition and utilization. For instance grit fractions ranging from 0.6- 1.2 mm (mesh) are used domestically for many food preparations. In the United State of America whole hominy (with the whole endosperm) are popular and may be cooked in milk or water and served as a vegetable.

Hominy grits (the endosperm broken) are used for hot cereals and for the preparation of ready -to-eat corn cereals. Also the brewing industries use brewers’ grits in beer production. Maize meal with fraction of 0.6 -0.2mm is used in meal mixes, making of maize bread and maize muffins. Of recent, it is used for some extruded maize snack products. Maize flour with fraction size of less than 0.2mm is a valuable ingredient in pancake mixtures, baby foods, cookies and biscuits. It is used for ice cream cones, ready-to-eat cereals, battler bread mixtures and for other baking products. Maize flour can be combined with soy-milk to produce high nutrient products such as corn-soy-milk (CSM) and corn-soy-blend(CSB). The process involves:

Dry Milling
Whole maize
Clean
Conditioning
Degerminating
Drying and aspirating
Grinding
Purifying and classifying
Purifying and aspirating
Drying
Packaging

Investment Opportunities

Agriculture Plays A Leading Role In Contributing To Economic Growth Of The Nation. On The Demand Side, It Stimulates The Purchasing Capacity Of The People And Encourages Industrial Expansion By Providing Markets For Domestically Produced Goods And Products. Maize Has Wide Industrial Applications, There Is Therefore, A Great Investment Opportunities In Flour Baby Foods, Livestock Feed, Brewer’s Grits For Brewing Industries, Cornstarch,Corn Syrup, Pop-Corn, Corn Oil For Salad And Margarine Production.

The Abundance Of Cultivable Land, Good Climate Across The Country, Skilled Manpower And Cheap Labour Will Ensure Steady And Sustainable Supply Of Raw Materials To The Intended Industries.

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